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Validation of marriage
In Catholic canon law, a validation of marriage or convalidation of marriage is the validation of a Catholic putative marriage. A putative marriage is one when at least one party to the marriage wrongly believes it to be valid.〔can. 1061, 3 CIC/83〕 Validation involves the removal of a canonical impediment, or its dispensation, or the removal of defective consent.〔can. 1156, 1 CIC/83〕〔Wm. Woestman, Canon Law of the Sacraments for Parish Ministry, 2007, 355〕 However, the children of a putative marriage are legitimate.〔Wm. Woestman, Canon Law of the Sacraments for Parish Ministers, 2007, 278.〕
==Dispensation==
The Pope or a bishop can give a dispensation to an impediment, giving the marriage retroactive validation called ''sanatio in radice'' (Latin: "healing in the root"). Some impediments can only be dispensed by the pope, while all others can be dispensed by the pope or a bishop.〔can. 1165 CIC/83〕
A ''sanatio in radice'' retroactively dispenses the impediment and makes a putative marriage valid from the time the ''sanatio'' is granted.〔can. 1161, 1 CIC/83〕 The ''sanatio'' revalidates a marriage by reason of a consent formerly given, but ineffective because of an impediment.〔 When the impediment is removed or dispensed, the consent is ''ipso facto'' ratified and no renovation is required. In such a case, it is requisite that the consent of both parties to the marriage had not ceased and that their marriage had had the external appearance of a true marriage.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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